Here is a brief Windows cheat sheet that covers some commonly used commands and concepts:
Navigation
cd
: Change directorydir
: List contents of current directorymd
: Make a new directoryrd
: Remove a directorydel
: Delete a filecopy
: Copy a filexcopy
: Copy files and directories, with more options
File Operations
type
: Display contents of a filemore
: Display contents of a file one page at a timefind
: Search for a pattern in a file or outputattrib
: Display or modify file attributesicacls
: Display or modify file permissions
System Information
systeminfo
: Display system informationtasklist
: Display a list of running processestaskkill
: End a running processnetstat
: Display active network connectionsipconfig
: Display network interface information
Networking
ping
: Test network connectivity to a hosttracert
: Show the network path to a hostnetsh
: Display or modify network settings
Users and Groups
net user
: Add, modify, or remove a usernet localgroup
: Add, modify, or remove a groupnet use
: Connect or disconnect a network driverunas
: Run a command as a different user
Miscellaneous
help
: Display help information for a commandcmdkey
: Manage stored credentialsschtasks
: Schedule a task to run at a specific timereg
: Display or modify the Windows registrymsconfig
: Manage system startup options
This cheat sheet only scratches the surface of what's possible with Windows, but it should give you a good starting point for working with the command line.